Paper 1 – Crime & Punishment

Paper 1 – Crime and Punishment c1000-present & Whitechapel (Historic Environment)

Medieval: 1000-1500

Saxons (up to 1066) Normans (1066-c.1150) Later Middle Ages (c.1150-1500)

Key crimes	Policing	Trials	Punishments
Petty theft Violence Murder Treason Forest Laws (Social crimes)	Hue and Cry Tithings Parish Constable Royal Sheriff Posse Coroner Local gaol (until trial only)	Trial by Jury Manor Court JPs Trial by Ordeal Trial by Combat Church Courts Benefit of the Clergy (Neck verse) Royal Courts Royal judges Sanctuary	Capital punishment Corporal punishment (Stocks & pillories) Wergild Murdrum

Early Modern: 1500-1700

Key crimes	Policing	Trials	Punishments
Vagabondage Witchcraft Heresy Treason	Hue and Cry Tithings JPs Parish Constable Town Watchman Sergeant Citizens Rewards	Manor Courts Quarter Sessions JPs County Assizes Royal judges Habeus Corpus Swim test End of Benefit of the Clergy	Capital Punishment Bloody Code Corporal Punishment Pillory Whipping Fines Carting Ducking school Transportation (USA) Houses of correction “Bridewells”

Key social changes

Population growth
Economic changes
Printing
Religious turmoil (Reformation)
Political Change (English Civil War)
Landowners’ attitudes

18^th & 19^th centuries: 1700-1900

Key crimes	Policing	Trials	Punishments
Highway robbery Poaching Black Act Smuggling Tolpuddle Martyrs Secret oaths (Naval law) French Revolution	Bow Street Runners Metropolitan Police Robert Peel	The Old Bailey Police courts (minor = no jury)	End of Bloody Code Transportation (Australia) Old Prison System John Howar Elizabeth Fry Gaol’s Act Separate System Silent System

20^th century: 1900-present

Key crimes	Policing	Trials	Punishments
Car crime Murder Hate crimes Terrorism Violent crime Sexual offences Computer crime Theft, burglary & shoplifting Smuggling Drug offences Human Trafficking	Crime prevention Weapons Basic training Camera technology Communications Changing roles Vehicles Crime detection Specialisation Computer records Numbers	Youth courts Magistrates court County court Crown court	Conscientious objectors (WW1 verses WW2) Non-custodial alternatives: Probation officer Fines Birching Parole Suspended sentences Community Service Tagging Juvenile delinquents Borstal Fining parents Young Offenders institute Attendance Centres Abolition of the death penalty: Derek Bentley Timothy Evans Ruth Ellis

Whitechapel (Historic Environment): 1870-1900

Metropolitan police	Local context of Whitechapel	Organisation of policing & difficulties
Police recruits Beat constable Development of the CID Charles Vincent Police Commissioners Sir Edmund Henderson Sir Charles Warren Thomas Titley Trial of the detectives Trafalgar Square riot	Lodging ‘Doss’ Houses Rookeries Flower & Dean Street Peabody Estate Workhouse Casual Ward Linking environment to crime Alcoholism & prostitution Ten Bells Pub Lack of employment	H-Division Leman Street Police Station Thames Police Court Alcoholism & prostitution Gangs Alley ways Violent demonstrations Attacks on Jews Protection rackets Vigilance Committee

Tensions in Whitechapel	Investigative policing in Whitechapel
Irish and Jewish immigrants (From Poland and Russia) Temporary accommodation Anarchism Socialism Immigration Criminal underclass – residuum	Jack the Ripper case study Careful observation Photography and sketches Autopsy Interviews and following up clues House to house Leaflets Newspaper appeals / letters Bloodhounds Criminal profiles Rival police forces – City of London Police

Skills

Whitechapel:

Describe 2 key features of… (4)

Identify 2 separate features
- Support each feature with an example or basic explanation

For example… / This was because…

How useful are sources A and B for learning about..? (8)

Identify why the source is useful (in relation to the question) due to:

Source detail (SD)

Useful for…. as it says ”______” / implies…

Contextual Knowledge (CK)

This reflects the time when…

Type, Origin and/or Purpose (TOP)

It’s also useful/limited due to…

How would you follow up source A/B? (4)

The source detail (SD) I would follow up is…

“Quote”

The question I would ask is….

What other source could I use to answer this question

An alternative report / newspaper / census / court records / police records / Charles Booth’s survey of poverty

It would help answer the question because….

It would provide information on….

Crime & Punishment through time:

Explain one similarity/difference between… (4)

Identify a similarity/difference between time periods

Explain why this continuity or change has occurred

Explain why… (12)

Use the 2 bullet points provided and 1 example of your own to…
Write 3 x PEEL paragraphs (linking your CK with connectives)

(P) ________ happened for a number of reasons

(E) For example…

(E) This led to… because… As a result (of this)….

(L) Therefore…. (Link back to the question)